The project is structured in four Work Packages.
Additives fundamentals in relation to fuel injection processes
Objectives: To develop an experimental database for the effects of three representative additives (detergent, soot reducer and ignition improver) and three different fuels (‘surrogate’, ‘summer’ and low-quality Diesels) on:- fuel properties
- nozzle flow for new and aged injectors exhibiting a degree of internal deposit build-up
- near-nozzle atomisation
- spray mixing
Deliverable 1.1: Measurements for fluid properties of fuels with and without additives
Deliverable 1.5: Supercritical atomisation visualisation for pilot injection events
SAFT-EoS, DNS and LES for nozzle flow and atomisation
Objectives: To develop simulation models for the range of fuels and additives under investigation for the following:- thermodynamically consistent EoS for pressures up to 4,500bar and fuel’s critical temperature
- constituent laws for surfactant-surface-tension relation and DNS of cavitation-bubble dynamics
- DNS on fuel atomisation under supercritical conditions
- LES resolving simultaneously the in-nozzle flow and spray dispersion
Soot measurement techniques and engine emission measurements
Objectives: To perform experiments quantifying the effects of selected additives on soot formation processes in the following environments:- ‘soot reducers’ and ‘ignition improvers’ on flame burners utilising pre-vaporised Diesel
- ‘detergents’ for new and coked nozzles for three different fuels injected in CVC operating under SCF conditions
- full combination of fuels/additives in optical engines
- full combinations of additives, fuels, injectors operating under supercritical conditions in a production engine and on-road vehicle emissions